Cats and FIV (Feline Immunodeficiency Virus)

Cats are beloved companions to millions of people worldwide, but like any living beings, they are susceptible to various illnesses. Among the most common health concerns affecting feline populations are cat flu and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV). These conditions can be distressing for both cats and their owners, but with proper knowledge and care, we can safeguard our feline friends and provide them with the best possible quality of life.

What is Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)?

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) is a viral infection that undermines a cat's immune system, making them vulnerable to acquiring other life-threatening illnesses. 

What are the symptoms?

Following FIV infection, the initial symptoms are usually mild, with some cats experiencing a mild fever and enlargement of lymph nodes. However, many infected cats may appear completely normal during this stage.

As the infection progresses, which could be months or even years later, more noticeable symptoms may arise. These can include fever, lethargy, decreased appetite, and weight loss. Recurrent illnesses might suggest FIV or another viral infection like FeLV.

Common signs of FIV infection include persistent or recurring diarrhea, runny nose, and sneezing (rhinitis), inflammation of the eyes, and frequent skin infections. FIV-positive cats are also more susceptible to certain types of cancer.

How do FIV cats get infected?

 FIV cats get infected primarily through the transmission of the virus in saliva, typically during aggressive behaviors like biting in fights. Un-neutered male cats are particularly vulnerable as a single bite from an infected cat can lead to transmission.

Additionally, kittens have a risk of about one-quarter of becoming infected if their mother carries the virus. While the main mode of transmission is through biting, there is also a small chance of the virus being transmitted through sharing food bowls and through cats grooming and licking each other. Therefore, close contact between infected and uninfected cats can pose a risk of transmission.

Treatment?

Indeed, FIV is an incurable condition, and the primary focus of treatment revolves around managing the cat's health by bolstering its immune system. Regular wellness visits every six months are crucial, allowing the veterinarian to assess the strength of the cat's immune system. Based on the evaluation, the veterinarian may suggest antiviral medications, dietary adjustments, or supplements to support the immune system.

 Being proactive in promptly treating any new infections that may occur is also essential to maintaining the overall well-being of the FIV-positive cat. By managing the cat's health and minimizing the impact of secondary infections, the quality of life for the FIV-infected cat can be improved and prolonged.